This report provides a portrait of the Black population in the United States and discusses its distribution at the national level and at lower levels of geography. It is part of a series that analyzes population and housing data collected from the 2010 Census. The data for this report are based on the 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, which was the first 2010 Census data product released with data on race and Hispanic origin and was provided to each state for use in drawing boundaries for legislative districts.